Some typical specifications of Indian refractories commonly used in the furnaces and kilns in steel, cement, non-ferrous metals and glass industries are given blow. These are illustrative and do not cover the full range of products and some of the improved items which have been recently developed.
|
|
||||
| Regenerator Oven walls Oven roof |
Oven walls | Oven Sole | ||
| CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | ||||
| SiO2 (%) | m |
>=94.5
|
>=95
|
>=95
|
| s |
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
|
| Al 2 O3 (%) | m |
<=2.0
|
<=1.5
|
<=1.5
|
| s |
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
|
| Fe 2 O3 (%) | m |
<=1.0
|
<=1.0
|
<=1.0
|
| s |
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
|
| CaO (%) | m |
<=3.0
|
<=3.0
|
<=3.0
|
| s |
0.35
|
0.35
|
0.35
|
|
| Na 2 O+K2O (%) | m |
<=0.35
|
<=0.35
|
<=0.35
|
| s |
0.02
|
0.02
|
0.02
|
|
| Residual quartz content | ||||
| Raw material type A (%) | m |
|
||
| (coarse crystalline) | s |
|
||
| Raw material type B (%) | m |
|
||
| (coarse crystalline) | s |
|
||
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | ||||
| Cold Crushing Strength (N/mm²) | m |
>=28
|
>=35
|
>=45
|
| s |
10
|
10
|
10
|
|
| Min |
20
|
25
|
30
|
|
| Apparent porosity (%) | m |
<=24.5
|
<=22.0
|
<=22.0
|
| s |
1.3
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
|
| Refractoriness under load (DEFta°C) | m |
>=1640
|
<=1650
|
<=1650
|
| s |
25
|
25
|
25
|
|
| Creep in compression 5-25 hrs. (%) | m |
<=0.12
|
<=0.12
|
0
|
| s |
0.05
|
0.05
|
0
|
|
| Refractoriness (SK) | m |
31
|
0
|
0
|
| s |
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
|
|
||
| CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | ||
| SiO 2 (%) |
96.2
|
95.3
|
| Fe 2 O3 (%) |
0.4
|
0.9
|
| Al 2 O3 (%) |
0.43
|
0.7
|
| CaO (%) |
2.5
|
2.5
|
| Residual Quartz (%) |
3
|
0
|
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | ||
| Bulk Density (gm/cc) |
1.82
|
1.80
|
| Apparent porosity (%) |
21
|
22
|
| Cold Crushing Strength (kg/cm²) |
410
|
400
|
| Refractoriness under load (2kg/cm²) (ta°C) |
1690
|
1670
|
| Permanent linear change (%) at 1450°C for 2hrs. |
0.15
|
0.2
|
| Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (SK) |
33
|
31
|
| Specific Gravity (gm/cc) |
2.32
|
2.33
|
| Flux Factor |
0.6
|
0
|
| Area of Application | Crown and super structure of glass melting furnaces. | |
|
|
|
| CHEMICAL PROPERTIES | |
| SiO 2 (%) (Min) |
95
|
| Fe 2 O3 (%) (Max) |
1
|
| Al 2 O3 (%) (Max) |
0.7
|
| TiO 2 (%) (Max) |
0.2
|
| CaO (%) (Max) |
3
|
| Alkalies (%) (Max) |
0.2
|
| Free quartz (%) (Max) | |
| Avg. |
0.75
|
| Retesting required if more than |
1
|
| Absolute |
1.5
|
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | |
| Bulk Density (kg/m³) (Min) |
1800
|
| Apparent porosity (%) (Max) |
21
|
| Cold Crushing Strength (N/mm²) (Min) |
30
|
| Refractoriness under load (2 kg/cm²) (ta°C) (Min) |
0
|
| Permanent linear change (%) (Max) |
Avg.
< 2.0
|
|
Avg.
> -0.2
|
|
| Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (°C) (Min) |
0
|
| Specific Gravity (gm/cc) (Max) |
2.34
|
| (Min) |
2.30
|
| Creep (%) (0.2 N/mm²) (Max) at 1500°C for 20-50 hrs. |
0.2
|
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